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SECTION 2C

FRONT SUSPENSION

Caution : Disconnect the negative battery cable before removing or installing any electrical unit or when a tool or equipment could easily come in contact with exposed electrical terminals. Disconnecting this cable will help prevent personal injury and damage to the vehicle. The ignition must also be in LOCK unless otherwise noted.

SPECIFICATIONS

General Specification

Application
Trim Height
195 / 70R14
205 / 65R15
205 / 55R16
Bottom of Front Wheel to Bottom of Front Wheel Well
676 ± 15 mm
(26.6 in)
685 ± 15 mm
(27 in)
676 ± 15 mm
(26.6 in)
Bottom of Rear Wheel to Bottom of Rear Wheel Well
678 ± 15 mm
(26.7 in)
686 ± 15 mm
(27 in)
678 ± 15 mm
(26.7 in)

Note : The above alignment specifications are with the vehicle in a normally loaded condition. Prior to inspection or alignment, place a weight of approximately 150 lbs. (68 kg) on each front seat cushion.

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Application
N•m
Lb-Ft
Lb-In
Front Strut Bracket bolts
140
103
-
Font Strut Upper Nuts
50
37
-
Stabilizer Link Nuts
50
37
-
Control Arm Bolt
180
133
-
Control Arm Joint Bolt
110
81
-
Control Arm Bracket Bolt
90
66
-
Front Hub Bolts
95
70
-
Centermember Bolts
90
66
-
Centermember Front Damping Block Bolt
80
59
-
Centermember Rear Damping Block Bolt
80
59
-
Power Steering Return Pipe Fixing Bolt
7
5
-
Crossmember Bolts to Control Arm
150
110
-
Crossmember Nuts to Longitudinal
150
110
-
Power Steering Pipe Union Nuts to Gear Set
30
22
-
Stabilizer Bar Bolt/Nuts
50
37
-
Front Strut Piston Rod Nut
80
59
-
Impact Beam bolt
100
74
-
Caulking nut
320
236
-

SPECIAL TOOLS

Special Tools Table


50020
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500-20
Hex Nut

J366612
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J-36661-2
Forcing Screw

J37105B2
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J-37105-B-2
Bearing Adapter

J37105B3
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J-37105-B-3
Hub Adapter

KM307B
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KM-307-B
Removal Plate

KM329A
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KM-329-A
Spring Compressor

KM507B
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KM-507-B
Ball Joint Remover

KM508A
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KM-508-A
Remover/Installer

DIAGNOSIS

Shock Absorber

Struts Seem Weak

Checks
Action
Check the tire pressures.
Adjust the tire pressures to the specifications on the tire placard.
Check the load conditions under which the vehicle is normally driven.
Consult with the owner to confirm the owner's understanding of normal load conditions.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the shock absorber.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the shock absorber being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the shock absorber, if needed.

Struts Are Noisy

Checks
Action
Check the mountings for looseness or damage.
Tighten the shock absorber mounting nuts. Replace the shock absorber, if needed.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the shock absorber.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the shock absorber being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the shock absorber, if needed.

Leaks

Checks
Action
Check for a slight trace of fluid.
The shock absorber is OK.
Check the seal cover on the fully extended strut.
Replace the shock absorber.
Check for an excessive amount of fluid on the shock absorber.
Replace the strut dampener.

Ball Joint and Knuckle

Ball Joint Inspection

  1. Raise the front of the vehicle to allow the front suspension to hang free.
  2. Grasp the tire at the top and the bottom.
  3. Move the top of the tire in an in-and-out motion.
  4. Look for any horizontal movement of the knuckle relative to the control arm.
  5. Ball joints must be replaced under the following conditions:

Ball Stud Inspection

Make sure to check the tightness of the ball stud in the knuckle boss during each inspection of the ball joint. One way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to shake the wheel and feel for movement of the stud end at the knuckle boss.
Another way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to check the fastener torque at the pinch nut. A loose nut can indicate a stressed stud or a hole in the knuckle boss.
Worn or damaged ball joints and knuckles must be replaced.

Excessive Fiction Check

Use the following procedure to check for excessive friction in the front suspension:
  1. With the help of another technician, lift up on the front bumper, raising the vehicle as high as possible.
  2. Slowly release the bumper, allowing the vehicle to assume its normal trim height. See "General Specifications" in this section.
  3. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  4. Push down on the bumper, release slowly, and allow the vehicle to assume its normal trim height.
  5. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  6. The difference between the two measurements should be less than 12.7 mm (0.5 inch). If the difference exceeds this limit, inspect the control arms, the struts, and the ball joints for damage or wear.

COMPONENT LOCATOR

Front Suspension


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  1. Stabilizer Bar
  2. Stabilizer Link
  3. Crossmember
  4. Control Arm
  5. Strut Mount
  6. Mount Inner Bearing
  7. Spring Upper Seat
  8. Spring Upper Insulator
  9. Piston Rod Boot Seat
  10. Piston Rod Boot
  11. Hollow Bumper
  12. Coil Spring
  13. Spring Lower Insulator
  14. Front Strut
  15. Front Knuckle
  16. Brake Dust Cover
  17. Front Hub
  18. Front DISC

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE



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Front Strut

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitable support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the cap and nuts from the strut upper area.


  3. V3B32C03
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  4. Remove the wheels. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  5. On vehicles equipped with an antilock brake system(ABS), disconnect the ABS sensor line from the strut assembly. Refer to Section 4F, Antilock Brake System.
  6. Remove the brake hose e-ring and dislocate the brake hose.
  7. Remove the strut bracket bolts and nuts.
  8. Remove the strut assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the strut assembly and the strut bracket bolts and nuts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the strut bracket bolts and nuts to 140N•m(103 lb-ft).

  3. Locate the brake hose and install the e-ring.
  4. Connect the ABS sensor line, if equipped and install the tyres.


  5. V3B32C05
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  6. Install the cap and nuts from the strut upper areas.
  7. Tighten
    Tighten the strut nuts to 50N•m(37 lb-ft).

  8. Install the wheels.


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Stabilizer Link

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitable support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the stabilizer shaft-to-stabilizer link nut.
  3. Remove the stabilizer link-to-control arm nut.
  4. Remove the stabilizer link.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the stabilizer link and nuts.
  2. Lower the vehicle so the control arms are supported by jackstands.
  3. Tighten
    The stabilizer link nuts to 50N•m(37 lb-ft).

    Important : The weight of the vehicle must be supported by the control arms before the stabilizer link-to-control arm nuts or the stabilizer shaft-to-stabilizer link nuts are tightened. This can be done by lowering the vehicle onto jackstands under the control arms.



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Control Arm

Tools Required

KM-333 Ball Joint Remover

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. Let the control arms hang free.
  2. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  3. Remove the control arm joint bolt.
  4. Disconnect the ball joint from the knuckle assembly suing the ball joint remover KM-333.


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  6. Remove the control arm bracket bolts.
  7. Remove the stabilizer link.


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  9. Remove the control arm bolt and control arm assembly.


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  11. Remove the control arm bracket from the control arm by removing the nut.


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Installation Procedure

    Important : The weight of the vehicle must be supported by the control arms before the stabilizer link-to-control arm nuts or the stabilizer shaft-to-stabilizer link nuts are tightened. This can be done by lowering the vehicle onto jackstands under the control arms have been installed.

  1. Install the control arm bracket nut.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm bracket nut to 110N•m(81 lb-ft).



    V3B32C13
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  3. Install the control arm bracket bolts and control arm bolt.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm bracket bolts to 90N•m(66 lb-ft) and control arm bolt to 180N.m(133 lb-ft).

  5. Install the stabilizer link.


  6. V3B32C14
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  7. Install the control arm joint bolt.
  8. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm joint bolt to 110N•m(81 lb-ft).



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Knuckle, Hub

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the wheel.
  2. Remove the caulking nut and washer.


  3. V3B34D11
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  4. Remove the outer tie rod. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear.
  5. Disconnect the control arm ball joint. Refer to this section.
  6. Remove the brake caliper. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  7. Remove the detent screw from the brake disc. Remove the disc.


  8. V3B34D13
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  9. Remove the splash shield. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.


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  11. Remove the front strut bolts.
  12. Remove the knuckle, hub assembly.


  13. V3B32C17
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  14. Remove the hub bolts from the knuckle and separate the hub from the knuckle.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the hub bolts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the hub bolts to 95N•m(70 lb-ft).

  3. Install the splash shield and front strut bolts.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the splash shield bolts to 10N•m(7 lb-ft).

  5. Install the detent screw and disc.
  6. Tighten
    Tighten the detent screw to 5N•m(3.5lb-ft).

  7. Install the brake caliper. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.


  8. V3B32C08
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  9. Install the control arm ball joint bolt.
  10. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm ball joint bolt to 110N•m(81 lb-ft).



    V3B32C36
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  11. Install the outer tie rod bolt.
  12. Tighten
    Tighten the outer tie rod bolt to 50N•m(37 lb-ft).



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  13. Install the washer and the caulking nut onto the axle shaft.
  14. Tighten
    Tighten the caulking nut onto the axle shaft to 320N•m(236 lb-ft).

  15. Bleed the air out of the brake system. Refer to Section 4F, Antilock Brake System.


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Centermember Assembly

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the dust cover from the under body f the vehicle.
  3. Remove the power steering pipe fixing bolts.


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  5. Remove the centermember front damping block bolt and rear damping block bolt.
  6. Caution : When removing the centermember bolt, the engine assembly should be supported by jackstands, in advance. Failure to support the centermember properly can result in person injury. In addition, remove the centermember bolt with caution when the exhaust pipe is hot.



    V3B32C22
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  7. Remove the centermember bolts and remove the centermember assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the centermember assembly and bolts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the centermember bolts to 90N•m(66 lb-ft).



    V3B32C24
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  3. Install the cemtermember front damping block bolt and rear damping block bolt.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the cemtermember front damping block bolt and rear damping block bolt to 80N•m(59 lb-ft).



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Crossmember Assembly

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Remove the wheels. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  3. Drain the power steering oil. Refer to Section 6A, Power Steering Pipe.
  4. Remove the power steering pipe union nuts.


  5. V3B32C26
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  6. Remove the interm shaft and the bolt.
  7. Important : Before removing the interm shaft and the bolt, please be advised that the steering wheel unit is horizontal, with the spokes pointing down. This is the straight-ahead position. Make a mark on the stub shaft housing that lines up with a mark on the intermediate shaft lower universal joint. This mark will be used for proper alignment during installation.



    V3B32C27
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  8. In case of manual transaxle vehicle, remove the gear shift control bracket and fixing clip.


  9. V3B32C28
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  10. Remove the centermember. Refer to this section.
  11. Remove the front exhaust pipe. Refer to Section 1G, Engine Exhaust.
  12. Remove the outer tie rod. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear.
  13. Disconnect the control arm ball joint. Refer to this section.


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  15. Remove the crossmember bolts-to-control arm and nuts-to-longitudinal.
  16. Remove the crossmember.
  17. Caution : To remove the possibilty of personal injury or any kind of damage, be sure to support the crossmember assembly properly by jackstands before removing the crossmember.



    V3B32C30
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  18. Remove the power steering gear set. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear.
  19. Remove the stabilizer bar. Refer to this section.
  20. Remove the control arm from the crossmember assembly. Refer to this section.


V3B32C31
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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the control arm onto the crossmember assembly. Refer to this section.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the stabilizer bar bolts and nuts to 50N•m(37 lb-ft).

  3. Install the crossmember bolts-to-control arm, nuts-to-longitudinal and crossmember.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the crossmember bolts-to-control arm and nuts-to-longitudinal. to 150N•m(110lb-ft).



    V3B32C28
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  5. Install the out tie rod and control arm ball joint. Refer to this section.
  6. Install the front exhaust pipe and centermember.


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  8. In case of manual transaxle vehicle, install the shift control bracket and clip.


  9. V3B32C26
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  10. Install the steering interm shaft and bolt.
  11. Tighten
    Tighten the steering interm shaft bolt to 25N•m(18 lb-ft).



    V3B32C27
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  12. Install the power steering pipe union nuts.
  13. Tighten
    Tighten the power steering pipe union nuts to 30N•m(22 lb-ft).

  14. Fill the power steering oil into the power steering system.


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Stabilizer Bar

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the crossmember. Refer to this section.
  2. Remove the stabilizer link.
  3. Remove the stabilizer bar bolts and nuts.
  4. Remove the U-clamp and bushing.


V3B32C34
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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the U-clamp and bushing with stabilizer bar.
  2. Install the stabilizer bar bolts and nuts.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the stabilizer bar bolts and nuts to 50N•m(37 lb-ft).

  4. Install the stabilizer link and crossmember.


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Impact Beam

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the bolt of impact beam-to-radiator center member.
  2. Remove the bolts of impact beam-to-front suspension center member.
  3. Remove the impact beam.


V3B32C37
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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the impact beam with bolts-to-radiator center member and front suspension center member.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the bolts-to-radiator center member and front suspension center member to 100N.m(74lb-ft).

UNIT REPAIR



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Ball Joint

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.
  2. Drill off the heads of the three rivets with a 12 mm (0.47 inch) drill bit.
  3. Punch out the rivets with a drift.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Connect the ball joint to the control arm by inserting three ball joint bolts from below the control arm.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the ball joint-to-control arm nuts to 110 N•m (81 lb-ft).

  3. Install the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.


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Control Arm Bushings

Tools Required

KM-508-A Remover/Installer
KM-307-B Removal Plate

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.
  2. Remove the control arm rear bushing using a press, the removal plate KM-307-B, and a drift.


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  4. Remove the control arm front bushing using a press, the remover/installer KM-508-A and the removal plate KM-307-B.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Coat the control arm rear shaft with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  2. Press the control arm front bushing into the control arm using a press, the remover/installer KM-508-A and the removal plate KM-307-B. Center the bushing.


  3. V3B32C43
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  4. Coat the outside of the control arm front bushing and the inside of the control arm with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  5. Press the control arm front bushing into the control arm using a press, the remover/installer KM-508-A, and the removal plate KM-307-B. Center the bushing.
  6. Install the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.


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Front Strut Assembly

Tools Required

KM-329-A Spring Compressor

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the strut assembly. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.
  2. Fasten the strut assembly to the spring compressor KM-329-A. Make sure the hooks are seated on the strut spring properly.


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  4. Compress the front spring with the spring compressor KM-329-A.
  5. Remove the dust cover from the bearing assembly.


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  7. Fix the strut mounting with bite and remove the piston rod nut.


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  9. Remove the upper strut mount, the mount bearing, the upper spring seat, the upper spring insulator, the hollow bumper, and the piston rod boot.
  10. Important : Record the position of the front spring seat relative to the strut assembly-to-knuckle bracket. Place the front spring locator back in the same position during assembly.



    V3B32C48
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  11. Release the spring.
  12. Remove the spring and the lower spring insulator.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Install the lower spring insulator and the spring.
  2. Compress the spring using the spring compressor KM-329-A.


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  4. Install the piston rod boot, the hollow bumper, the upper spring insulator, the upper spring seat, the upper strut mount, and the mount bearing. Be sure the front spring seat is positioned correctly.


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  6. Fix the strut mounting with bite and install the piston rod nut.
  7. Tighten
    Tighten the piston rod nut to 70 N•m (52 lb-ft).



    V3B32C45
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  8. Install the dust cover onto the bearing assembly.
  9. Release and remove the spring compressor KM-329-A.
  10. Install the strut assembly onto the vehicle. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.

Knuckle

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the knuckle assembly from the vehicle. Refer to "Knuckle Assembly" in this section.
  2. Remove the rotor. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  3. Remove the hub and bearing assembly. Refer to “Hub and Bearing”in this section. "Hub and Bearing" in this section.
  4. Remove the brake splash shield. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.

Assembly Procedure

  1. Install the brake splash shield. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  2. Install the hub and bearing assembly. Refer to "Hub and Bearing" in this section.
  3. Install the rotor. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  4. Install the knuckle assembly onto the vehicle. Refer to "Knuckle Assembly" in this section.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION

Front Suspension

The front suspension for this vehicle is a combination of a strut assembly and a knuckle assembly. The strut assembly combines a shock absorber and a spring mounted to the body of the vehicle. The upper end of the strut is isolated by a rubber mount and contains a bearing to allow the strut to turn. The knuckle is attached to the strut assembly and pivots on a ball joint bolted to the control arm.
The control arms pivot from the body using rubber bushings. The ball joint is fastened to the steering knuckle with a pinch bolt and nut, and to the lower control arm with rivets. The stabilizer bar interconnects both strut assemblies of the vehicle through the stabilizer link and is attached to the front suspension crossmember. Jounce and rebound movements affecting one wheel are partially transmitted to the opposite wheel of the vehicle to stabilizer body roll.
When servicing the control arm-to-body attachment and the stabilizer shaft-to-body insulators, make sure the ttaching bolts are loose until the control arms are moved to the trim height, which is curb height. Trim height is the normal position to which the control arms move when the vehicle is sitting on the ground. Refer to "General Specifications" in this section.


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