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SECTION 2C

FRONT SUSPENSION

SPECIFICATIONS

General Specifications

Application
Trim Height
Center of Front Wheel to Bottom of Front Wheel Well
344 mm (13.5 in.)
Center of Rear Wheel to Bottom of Rear Wheel Well
343 mm (13.5 in.)

Fastener Tightening Specifications

Application
N•m
Lb-Ft
Lb-In
Ball Joint-to-Control Arm Nuts
50
37
444
Ball Joint-to-Knuckle/Strut Nut
55
41
487
Control Arm Front Mounting Bolts
110
81
972
Drive Axle-to-Hub Caulking Nut
300
221
2655
Piston Rod Nut
60
44
531
Stabilizer Shaft-to-Iink nut
50
37
-
Strut Assembly-to-Body Nuts
60
44
531
Strut Cartridge Closure Nut
200
148
1776

SPECIAL TOOLS

Special Tools Table


50020
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500-20
Hex Nut

J366612
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J-36661-2
Forcing Screw

J37105B1
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J-37105-B-1
Support Bridge

J37105B2
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J-37105-B-2
Bearing Adapter

J37105B3
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J-37105-B-3
Hub Adapter

KM158
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KM-158
Remover/Installer

KM307B
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KM-307-B
Removal Plate

KM329A
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KM-329-A
Spring Compressor

J42468
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J-42468
Front Strut Mount
Nut Wrench

KM465A
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KM-465-A
Front Spring
Compressor

KM507B
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KM-507-B
Ball Joint Remover

KM508A
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KM-508-A
Remover/Installer

DIAGNOSIS

Strut Dampener

A strut dampener is basically a shock absorber. However, strut dampeners are easier to extend and retract by hand than are shock absorbers. Strut dampeners are used only on the front in most vehicles, including this vehicle. Shock absorbers are used on the rear wheels.

Struts Seem Weak

Checks
Action
Check the tire pressures.
Adjust the tire pressures to the specifications on the tire placard.
Check the load conditions under which the vehicle is normally driven.
Consult with the owner to confirm the owner’s understanding of normal load conditions.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the strut dampener.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the strut dampener being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the strut dampener, if needed.

Struts Are Noisy

Checks
Action
Check the mountings for looseness or damage.
Tighten the strut dampener. Replace the strut dampener, if needed.
Check the compression and rebound effectiveness of the strut dampener.
Quickly push down and then lift up on the corner of the bumper nearest the strut dampener being tested.
Compare the compression and rebound with those of a similar vehicle that has an acceptable ride quality.
Replace the strut dampener, if needed.

Leaks

Checks
Action
Check for a slight trace of fluid.
The strut dampener is OK.
Check the seal cover on the fully extended strut.
Replace the strut dampener.
Check for an excessive amount of fluid on the strut dampener.
Replace the strut dampener.

Ball Joint and Knuckle

Ball Joint Inspection

  1. Raise the front of the vehicle to allow the front suspension to hang free.
  2. Grasp the tire at the top and the bottom.
  3. Move the top of the tire in an in-and-out motion.
  4. Look for any horizontal movement of the knuckle relative to the control arm.
  5. Ball joints must be replaced under the following conditions:

Ball Stud Inspection

Make sure to check the tightness of the ball stud in the knuckle boss during each inspection of the ball joint. One way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to shake the wheel and feel for movement of the stud end or the castellated nut at the knuckle boss.
Another way to inspect the ball stud for wear is to check the fastener torque at the castellated nut. A loose nut can indicate a stressed stud or a hole in the knuckle boss.
Worn or damaged ball joints and knuckles must be replaced.

Excessive Friction Check

Use the following procedure to check for excessive friction in the front suspension:
  1. Enlist the help of another technician to lift up on the front bumper, raising the vehicle as high as possible.
  2. Slowly release the bumper, allowing the vehicle to assume its normal trim height. See "General Specifications" in this section.
  3. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  4. Push down on the bumper, release slowly, and allow the vehicle to assume its normal trim height.
  5. Measure the distance from the street level to the center of the bumper.
  6. The difference between the two measurements should be less than 12.7 mm (0.5 inch). If the difference exceeds this limit, inspect the control arms, the struts, and the ball joints for damage or wear.

COMPONENT LOCATOR

Front Suspension


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  1. Stabilizer bar
  2. Stabilizer link nut
  3. Stabilizer link
  4. Crossmember
  5. Crossmember nut (front direction)
  6. Control arm connecting bolt
  7. Stabilizer bar nut
  8. Control arm
  9. Ball joint connecting bolt
  10. Ball joint
  11. Piston rod nut
  12. Washer
  13. Strut upper nut
  14. Strut mount
  15. Bearing
  16. Spring upper seat
  17. Spring upper insulator
  18. Hallow bumper
  19. Coil spring
  20. Thrust
  21. Thrust bracket bolt
  22. Steering knuckle
  23. Cover seat
  24. Wheel bearing
  25. Retaining ring
  26. Wheel hub
  27. Brake disc
  28. Washer
  29. Caulking nut

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

ON-VEHICLE SERVICE



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Stabilizer Shaft Link

Removal Procedure

  1. Lift and suitably support the vehicle, allowing the front suspension to hang free.
  2. Remove the front wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  3. Remove the stabilizer shaft-to-knuckle nut and the shaft-to-link nut.


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  5. Disconnect the stabilizer shaft from the knucle by removing the stabilizer shaft link assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the stabilizer shaft into the vehicle.
  2. Install the stabilizer shaft-to-knuckle nut and the shaft-to-link nut.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the stabilizer shaft link nuts to 50 N•m (37 lb-ft).



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Strut Assembly

Tools Required

KM-507-B Ball Joint Remover

Removal Procedure

  1. Loosen the strut assembly -to-body nut that attach the top of the strut assembly to the vehicle.


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  3. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  4. Place the jackstands under the frame of the vehicle.
  5. Lower the vehicle slightly so the weight of the vehicle rests on the jackstands and not on the control arms.
  6. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  7. Disconnect the brake caliper from the knuckle/strut assembly and support the caliper. Do not hang the caliper from the hydraulic brake hose. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  8. Disconnect the ABS speed sensor electrical connector, if applicable.


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  10. Remove the ball joint-to-knuckle-strut nut.


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    Notice : Failure to use the recommended tool for separating the ball joint from the steering knuckle assembly may damage the ball joint and seal.

  12. Separate the steering knuckle assembly from the ball joint using the ball joint remover KM-507-B.
  13. Remove the outer tie rod from the steering knuckle assembly. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear [Includes Rack & Pinion Gear] or Section 6D, Manual Steering Gear [Includes Rack & Pinion Gear].
  14. Notice : Take care to prevent the axle joints from being overextended. When either end of the shaft is disconnected, the joint can become overextended. This overextension can cause the internal components to separate. This separation can cause joint failure. Use drive axle joint seal protectors during any service on or near the drive axles. Failure to use joint seal protectors can damage the interior joint seal and cause joint failure.



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  15. Push the drive axle shaft from the front wheel hub.
  16. Support the drive axle.
  17. Lower the vehicle in order to gain access to the strut-to-body nuts and the washers.
  18. Notice : Chipping or scratching the spring coating when handling the front suspension coil spring can cause the spring to fail.

  19. Remove the strut assembly-to-body nuts.
  20. Remove the strut assembly from the vehicle.


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Installation Procedure

    Notice : Chipping or scratching the spring coating when handling the front suspension coil spring can cause the spring to fail.

  1. nstall the strut assembly into the vehicle with the strut assembly-to-body nuts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the strut assembly-to-body nut to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).



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  3. Connect the drive axle to the front wheel hub.


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  5. Connect the outer tie rod to the steering knuckle assembly. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear [Includes Rack & Pinion Gear] or Section 6D, Manual Steering Gear [Includes Rack & Pinion Gear].
  6. Connect the ball joint to the steering knuckle assembly.
  7. Install the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut.
  8. Tighten
    Tighten the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut to 55 N•m (41 lb-ft).



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  9. Connect the ABS speed sensor electrical connector, if applicable.


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  11. Connect the brake caliper to the knuckle/strut assembly. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  12. Install the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  13. Install a new drive axle-to-hub caulking nut.
  14. Tighten
    Tighten the drive axle-to-hub caulking nut to 300 N•m (221 lb-ft).

  15. Crimp the caulking nut sleeve onto the drive axle shaft.


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Control Arm

Tools Required

KM-507-B Ball Joint Remover

Removal Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Place the jackstands under the frame of the vehicle.
  3. Lower the vehicle slightly so the weight of the vehicle rests on the jackstands and not on the control arms.
  4. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  5. Disconnect the stabilizer shaft from the control arm by removing the control armlink bolt assembly.Refer to "Stabilizer Shaft and Insulators" in this section.
  6. Remove the retaining clip and the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut from the ball joint.
  7. Disconnect the ball joint from the steering knuckle using the ball joint remover KM-507-B.


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  9. Remove the control arm front mounting bolt.
  10. Remove the control arm rear mounting bolts and the bracket.
  11. Remove the control arm from the vehicle.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the control arm onto the vehicle.
  2. Connect the front of the control arm to the body of the vehicle with the front mounting bolt and the washer.
  3. Apply a thread sealer to the control arm rear mounting bolts.
  4. Connect the rear of the control arm to the body of the vehicle with the rear mounting bracket and bolts.
  5. Important : Do not tighten the control arm bolts at this point.

    Notice : Use a new self-locking nut to install the control arm link bolt assembly. Failure to do so will allow the normal vibration of the vehicle to loosen the nut and damage the vehicle.

  6. Install the stabilizer shaft link bolt assembly. Refer to "Stabilizer Shaft and Insulators" in this section.
  7. Connect the ball joint to the steering knuckle.
  8. Tighten the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut.
  9. Tighten
    Tighten the ball joint-to-knuckle/strut nut to 55 N•m (41 lb-ft).

  10. Connect the retaining clip to the ball joint stud.
  11. Install the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  12. Raise the vehicle.
  13. Place the jackstands under the control arms.
  14. Lower the vehicle.


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    Important : The control arms must support the weight of the vehicle while the control arm mounting bolts are being tightened.

  16. Tighten the control arm rear mounting bolts.
  17. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm rear mounting bolts to 110 N•m (81lb-ft).

  18. Tighten the control arm front mounting bolt.
  19. Tighten
    Tighten the control arm front mounting bolt to 110 N•m (81 lb-ft).

  20. Raise the vehicle.
  21. Remove the jackstands.
  22. Lower the vehicle.


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Steering Knuckle

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the front wheels.Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  2. Remove the caulking nut.
  3. Remove the tie rod end from the knuckle.
  4. Remove the control arm ball joint.
  5. Remove the brake caliper.
  6. Remove the brake disk.Refer to Section 4E, Front Disk Brakes.


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  8. Remove the ABS wheel speed sensor, if equipped Refer to Section 4F, ABS from the knuckle.
  9. Remove the backing plate.
  10. Remove the front strut bolts.
  11. Remove the knuckle assembly.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the knuckle assembly to the front strut with bolt and nuts.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the knuckle assembly to the front strut with bolt and nuts to 100 N•m (74lb-ft).

  3. Install the backing plate with the screws.
  4. Tighten
    Tighten the backing plate with the screws to 4 N•m (3lb-ft).



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  5. Install the ABS wheel speed sensor.
  6. Install the brake disk and caliper.Refer to Section 4D, Front Disk Brakes.
  7. Install the control arm ball joint.Refer to this Section, Unit Repair
  8. Install the tie rod end to the knucke. Refer to this Section.


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Crossmember Assembly

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the front wheels.
  2. Remove the control arm ball joint and stabilizer shaft link nut (lower). Refer to this Section.
  3. Remove the tie rod end ball joint. Refer to this Section.
  4. Remove the engine mounting reaction rod bolts.


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  6. Drain the power steering fluid.
  7. Remove the power steering pipe fittings.
  8. Remove the interm shaft lower joint.
  9. Caution : When the engine is hot, do not remove the above parts from the vehicle otherwise, personal injury can be caused by hot components of the vehicle.



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  10. Remove the crossmember assembly.
  11. Caution : To avoid personal injury or vehicle damage, the crossmember should be supported by jackstand prior to the removal.



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  12. Remove the stabilizer bar, power steering gear set and control arm from the crossmember.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the stabilizer bar, power steering gearset and control arm from the crossmember.
  2. Install the crossmember assembly front to body nut and the crossmember assembly rear to body bolt.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the crossmember assembly front to body nut and rear to body bolt to 150 N•m (111 lb-ft).



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  4. Connect the interm shaft lower joint and power steering pipe fittings.
  5. Tighten
    Tighten the power steering pipe fittings to 22 N•m (16 lb-ft).

  6. Fill the fluid reservoir with the power steering fluid.
  7. Inspect for leaks. If there are leaks, correct the cause of the leaks and bleed the system. Refer to Section 6A, Bleeding the Power Steering System.


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  9. Install the engine mounting reaction rod bolts.
  10. Tighten
    Tighten the engine mounting reaction rod bolts to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).



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  11. Install the tie rod end ball joint nut.
  12. Tighten
    Tighten the tie rod end ball joint nut to 45 N•m (33 lb-ft).

  13. Install the control arm ball joint and stabilizer shaft link nut (lower). Refer to this Section.


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Stabilizer Bar

Removal Procedure

  1. Remove the crossmember assmbly. Refer to this Section
  2. Remove the stabilizer bar from the crossmember assembly by unscrewing the u-clamp bolts.


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Installation Procedure

  1. Install the u-clamp bolts to the stabilizer bar.
  2. Tighten
    Tighten the u-clamp bolts to the stabilizer bar to 25 N•m (18 lb-ft).

  3. Remove the crossmember assmbly. Refer to this Section

UNIT REPAIR



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Ball Joint

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
  2. Place the jackstands under the frame of the vehicle and lower the vehicle slightly so the weight of the vehicle rests on the jackstands and not on the control arms.
  3. Remove the wheel. Refer to Section 2E, Tires and Wheels.
  4. Remove the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.
  5. Remove the ball joint mounting bolts.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Connect the ball joint to the control arm with the mounting bolts.
  2. Install the nuts to secure the bolts from below the control arm.
  3. Tighten
    Tighten the ball joint-to-control arm nuts to 64 N•m (47 lb-ft).

  4. Install the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.


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Hub and Bearing

Tools Required

500-20 Hex Nut
J-36661-2 Forcing Screw
J-37105-B-1 Support Bridge
J-37105-B-2 Bearing Adapter
J-37105-B-3 Hub Adapter

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the drive axle from the front wheel hub. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.


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  3. Remove the wheel hub with the support bridge J-37105-B-1, the hub adapter J-37105-B-3, the hex nut 500-20, and the forcing screw J-36661-2.


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  5. Remove the brake shield. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  6. Remove the outer snap ring.


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  8. Remove the wheel bearing with the support bridge J-37105-B-1, the bearing adapter J-37105-B-2, the hex nut 500-20, and the forcing screw J-36661-2.
  9. Clean the bore of the knuckle.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Install the outer snap ring and push the wheel bearing into place with the support bridge J-37105-B-1, the bearing adapter J-37105-B-2, the hex nut 500-20, and the forcing screw J-36661-2.


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  3. Install the brake shield. Refer to Section 4D, Front Disc Brakes.
  4. Push the wheel hub into place with the hub adapter J-37105-B-3, the bearing adapter J-37105-B-2, the hex nut 500-20, and the forcing screw J-36661-2.
  5. Install the drive axle into the front wheel hub. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.


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Control Arm Bushings

Tools Required

KM-508-A Remover/Installer
KM-158 Remover/Installer
KM-307-B Removal Plate

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.
  2. Press off the rear bushing using a press, the remover/installer KM-158, and the removal plate KM-307-B.


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  4. Press out the front bushing using the remover/installer KM-508-A, and the remover/installer KM-158.


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Assembly Procedure

  1. Coat the control arm rear shaft with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  2. Press the rear bushing onto the shaft. The flat of the bushing must be on the top side, the same as the ball joint. Use the remover/installer KM-508-A to support the control arm.


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  4. Coat the outside of the front bushing and the inside of the lower control arm with a multipurpose lubricant. Refer to Section 0B, General Information.
  5. Press the new bushing into the control arm from the back to the front, using the remover/installer KM-508-A.
  6. Center the bushing.
  7. Install the control arm. Refer to "Control Arm" in this section.


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Front Strut Assembly

Tools Required

KM-329-A Spring Compressor
J-42468 Front Strut Mount Nut Wrench

Disassembly Procedure

  1. Remove the strut assembly. Refer to "Strut Assembly" in this section.
  2. Fasten the strut assembly to the spring compressor KM-329-A. Make sure the hooks are seated on the strut spring properly.
  3. Compress the front spring with the front spring compressor KM-329-A.


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  5. Use an open end wrench to hold the threaded piston rod while removing the piston rod nut with J-42468 front strut mount nut wrench.


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  7. Remove the strut mount, strut bearing, spring upper seat, spring upper insulator, hallow bumper, coil spring and strut step by step.
  8. Important : Record the position of the front spring seat relative to the strut assembly-to-knuckle bracket. Place the front spring locator back in the same position during assembly.



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Assembly Procedure

  1. Install the lower spring insulator and the spring.
  2. Comopress the spring using the spring compressor KM-329-A.
  3. Install the strut mount, strut bearing spring upper seat, spring upper insulator, hallow bumper, coil spring and strut step by step.


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  5. Use an open end wrench to hold the threaded piston rod while installing the piston rod nut with J-42468 front strut mount nut wrench.
  6. Tighten
    Tighten the piston rod nut to 60 N•m (44 lb-ft).

    Important : Locate the coil spring to the original position on th coil spring seat. Check the installation condition of the coil spring.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM OPERATION

Front Suspension

The front suspension for this vehicle is a combination knuckle/strut and spring design.
The control arms pivot from the body. The lower control arm pivots use rubber bushings. The upper end of the strut is isolated by a rubber mount and contains a bearing to allow the wheel to turn.
The lower end of the steering knuckle pivots on a ball joint bolted to the control arm. The ball joint is fastened to the steering knuckle with a nut, and to the lower control arm with rivets.
When servicing the control arm-to-body attachment and the stabilizer shaft-to-body insulators, make sure the attaching bolts are loose until the control arms are moved to the trim height, which is curb height. Trim height is the normal position to which the control arms move when the vehicle is sitting on the ground. Refer to "General Specifications" in this section.


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